Easter Rising Of 1916 Essays - Members Of The 1st Dil,

Easter Rising Of 1916 The events of Easter Monday, the 24th of April, 1916 triggered a bloody confrontation that would have important ramifications both for the Irish people and the British Empire. What would later become known as the Easter Rising was an attempt to end British rule in Ireland. At the onset of the First World War in 1914 the Irish Home Rule Bill was suspended, returning the Irish people to direct rule by the British government. This was viewed as a slap in the face by many in Ireland. It became the primary source of tension between the Royal Irish Constabulary, an armed police force appointed by the British Crown, and opposing rebel groups. The Royal Irish Constabulary consisted of approximately 10,000 members throughout Ireland. Some 1,000 members were present in Dublin on Easter Monday. The Irish Republican Brotherhood was the principal rebel group, forming the backbone of the approximately 2,000 people who participated in the Easter Rising. Padraig Pearse and James Connolly led the rebels in the armed confrontation to seize control of several important buildings in Dublin. Among those were the General Post Office, the South Dublin Union, St. Stephens Green, and several train stations. Once control of Dublin was achieved the rebels used the General Post O ffice as their headquarters. At nightfall on the 24th rebels leaders signed a document declaring themselves as the provisional government of the Irish Republic. British troops were called in the next day in an attempt to force the rebels to surrender. A bloody standoff continued for the next week. Much of Dublin, including the General Post Office, was burned primarily due to British artillery shelling. Finally, on Saturday the 29th Padraig Pearse and James Connelly surrendered ending the bloodshed. It is estimated that approximately 200 buildings were destroyed. Over 500 casualties resulted and more than 400 of those were from the British side. Fifteen rebels, including Pearse and Connelly, were sentenced to death by firing squad. In addition, popular military leaders Michael Collins and Eamon DeValera were sentenced to prison, solidifying strong opposition to British control by a majority of the Irish people. While the Easter Rising was a short-term disaster for the Irish rebels it laid the groundwork for a movement that would lead to the formation of the Irish Free State in 1921. This was also the first of several steps that would lead cause the demise of the once mighty British Empire. European History

How to Write an Essay in APA format According to Structure

How to Write an Essay in APA format According to Structure An Essay in APA Format: Writing Tips Eventually, every college student faces one of the scariest writing assignments - writing an essay in APA format. From the first look, it seems like a daunting and time-consuming task, especially if you usually write your essays in a different style. However, this writing challenge is not as difficult as you may think. Learn the basics of APA before starting your essay and use our tips to format your essay properly. How to Write an Essay in APA Format You can find below advice that will be useful while preparing your essay. Do not be afraid to start writing an essay in APA format. Everything you need to know is gathered here. To write a great essay using APA format, you need to understand what is APA format. It is official publication style of the American Psychological Association. Usually, essays in this style are used in social sciences. This style of writing requires specific structure, as well as spacing and margins. Keep in mind that your teacher has strict requirements for the format of your essay, so do not gloss over it. Otherwise, you will lose some points. Guidelines to this format have pretty clear demands to formatting, however, always check instructions of your teacher. They may include some specific requirements. Lets dig into basics of APA format: Margins of the essay should be identical, preferably one-inch at each side of the paper. Your essay should have double spaces. Do not forget to add running head on every page at the top left (running head should be maximum 50 characters and include the shortened title of your essay). Add page number in the top right corner. Title page of your paper has been formatted in APA style. Crucial elements of your title page are the title of your essay, your name, and school affiliation. Add additional information if it is required in your teachers instructions (usually, course title, the name of the teacher and the date). Make sure that title is brief and clear. Also, it should define what your essay is about. The title of your essay should be 12 words maximum. One of the important components of the essay in APA format is a reference list. It should be located at the end of your paper and consist list of the sources that you cited in the paper. List reference list alphabetically. Font recommended to usage by American Psychological Association is Times New Roman size 12. Please keep in mind, that instructions of your teacher may be different! The structure of the essay in APA format is standard: title page; abstract; introduction; body; conclusion; reference sections. Writing an essay in APA format is a time-consuming but interesting task. If you learn our tips and be careful while writing your essay, you will get the desired grade. Remember that only practice makes perfect. Do not be afraid of challenging tasks and good luck!

Dulce Et Decorum Est Essays - Literature, Figures Of Speech

Dulce Et Decorum Est Essays - Literature, Figures Of Speech Dulce Et Decorum Est Reality Dulce et Decorum Est, an anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen, ( ) conveys a strong meaning and persuasive argument. The anti-war theme and serious tone is extremely effective at portraying war as horrid and devastating. Upon my initial reading of this poem I felt overpowered by blood, guts and death. Although my reaction hasnt changed much through numerous readings, my emotional reaction becomes more intense with each reading. This poem makes me feel like I am right there watching the soldier who cannot fasten his mask fast enough and suffers the full effects of deadly gas. This poem also makes me look beyond the death and question the pain inflicted on the mothers who kissed their sons goodbye as they went to defend their country. I imagine the mother receiving word her son has died and is told how noble and patriotic his death was. In his last moments, the soldier and his family become victims of The old lie (610). The precise dictation, vivid comparisons and graphic imagery are the thre e major elements that influenced my reaction to this poem. Through the precise dictation, I could clearly understand what the author is saying. Words like guttering, choking, and drowning jumped out at me and made my body shiver (610). Other words like writhing and froth-corrupted made me understand just how tragic war is. Not only do these words show how this man is suffering, but also they show precisely the level of pain and torment this man must endure. The fact that the gassed man was flung into the wagon convinced me that it is not sweet nor fitting to die for ones country (610). The authors use of dictation was extremely effective in convincing me of just tragic and pointless war is. In addition to dictation, the authors use of metaphor and similes also influenced my reaction to this poem. In the first line the author describes the troops as being Bent double, like beggars under sacks(610). This simile expresses the condition of the men and reinforces the hopelessness they feel. The authors comparison of the dyeing mans hanging face to a devils sick of sin dramatizes just how corrupt it all seems. The most powerful simile is when the author compares the sound of the gassed man gurgling blood in is lungs as obscene as cancer (610). The most effective metaphor is the vile, incurable sores that the author compares to the troops memories. This metaphor illustrates how the troops will never forget this experience. This pain will forever be with them. The author clears up any misconception that war is noble and convinces me that his beliefs are true. More effectively than metaphors and similes, the graphic imagery that this poem explodes with drastically influenced my reaction to this poem. Some of the images in this poem nearly made me feel nauseas. The images I experienced in the readings of this poem could never be forgotten, especially when I take my three sons to register with Selective Services. My emotional and physical reaction reinforces how effective the authors use of imagery is in this poem. The image of the troops drunk with fatigue and deaf to the gas-shells dropping softly behind is a chilling image (610). As someone yells Gas it is an ecstasy of fumbling and one is still floundring like a man on fire (610). Through the thick green light, as under a sea the speaker sees the man drowning and describes the gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs (610). Each of these images are disturbing to think about, but exposes the reality of war. These images made me feel disgusted at what war is capable of. The author ties this poem together in the last line. In Latin, the phrase Dulce et decorum est means It is sweet and fitting to die for ones country(610). The author calls the phrase the big lie (610). Although there are countless elements, dictation, vivid comparisons and imagery, are the elements that persuaded and moved me emotionally and intellectually. Even though I recognize deadly gasses are generally not used in war anymore, I will never react the same to the billboards or commercials saying, Be all you can be

Civil War Battle of Fort Pulaski

Civil War Battle of Fort Pulaski The Battle of Fort Pulaski was fought April 10-11, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Commanders Union Major General David HunterBrigadier General Quincy Gillmore Confederates Colonel Charles H. Olmstead Battle of Fort Pulaski: Background Built on Cockspur Island and completed in 1847, Fort Pulaski guarded the approaches to Savannah, GA. Unmanned and neglected in 1860, it was seized by Georgia state troops on January 3, 1861, shortly before the state left the Union. For much of 1861, Georgia and then Confederate forces worked to strengthen the defenses along the coast. In October, Major Charles H. Olmstead took command of Fort Pulaski and immediately began efforts to improve its condition and enhance its armament. This work resulted in the fort ultimately mounting 48 guns which included a mix of mortars, rifles, and smoothbores. As Olmstead labored at Fort Pulaski, Union forces under Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman and Flag Officer Samuel Du Pont succeeded in capturing Port Royal Sound and Hilton Head Island in November 1861. In response to the Union successes, the newly-appointed commander of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida, General Robert E. Lee ordered his forces to abandon the outlying coastal defenses in favor of concentrating at key locations further inland. As part of this shift, Confederate forces departed Tybee Island southeast of Fort Pulaski. Coming Ashore On November 25, shortly after the Confederate withdraw, Sherman landed on Tybee accompanied by his chief engineer Captain Quincy A. Gillmore, ordnance officer Lieutenant Horace Porter, and topographical engineer Lieutenant James H. Wilson. Assessing Fort Pulaskis defenses, they requested that a variety of siege guns be sent south including several new heavy rifles. With Union strength on Tybee growing, Lee visited the fort in January 1862 and directed Olmstead, now a colonel, to make several improvements to its defenses including the construction of traverses, pits, and blindage. Isolating the Fort That same month, Sherman and DuPont explored options for bypassing the fort using the adjacent waterways but found that they were too shallow. In an effort to isolate the fort, Gillmore was directed to build a battery on swampy Jones Island to the north. Completed in February, Battery Vulcan commanded the river to the north and west. By the end of the month, it was supported by a smaller position, Battery Hamilton, which was constructed mid-channel on Bird Island. These batteries effectively cut off Fort Pulaski from Savannah. Preparing for the Bombardment As Union reinforcements arrived, Gillmores junior rank became an issue as he was to oversee engineering activities in the area. This resulted in him successfully convincing Sherman to advance him to the temporary rank of brigadier general. As the heavy guns began to arrive at Tybee, Gillmore directed the construction of a series of eleven batteries along the islands northwest coast. In an effort to hide the work from the Confederates, all construction was done at night and covered with brush before dawn. Laboring through March, a complex series of fortifications slowly emerged. Despite work moving forward, Sherman, never popular with his men, found himself replaced in March by Major General David Hunter. Though Gillmores operations were not altered, his new immediate superior became Brigadier General Henry W. Benham. Also an engineer, Benham encouraged Gillmore to quickly finish the batteries. As sufficient artillerymen were not present on Tybee, training also commenced teaching infantrymen how to work the siege guns. With work completed, Hunter desired to commence the bombardment on April 9, however torrential rains prevented the battle from commencing. The Battle of Fort Pulaski At 5:30 AM on April 10, the Confederates awoke to the sight of the completed Union batteries on Tybee which had been stripped of their camouflage. Assessing the situation, Olmstead was disheartened to see that only a few of his guns could bear on the Union positions. At dawn, Hunter dispatched Wilson to Fort Pulaski with a note demanding its surrender. He returned a short time later with Olmsteads refusal. The formalities concluded, Porter fired the first gun of the bombardment at 8:15 AM. While the Union mortars dropped shells on the fort, the rifled guns fired on the barbette guns before switching to reduce the masonry walls at the forts southeast corner. The heavy smoothbores followed a similar pattern and also attacked the forts weaker eastern wall. As the bombardment continued through the day, Confederate guns were put out of action one by one. This was followed by the systematic reduction of Fort Pulaskis southeast corner. The new rifled guns proved particularly effective against its masonry walls. As night fell, Olmstead inspected his command and found the fort in shambles. Unwilling to submit, he elected to hold out. After sporadic firing during the night, the Union batteries resumed their assault the next morning. Hammering Fort Pulaskis walls, the Union guns began opening a series of breaches in the southeast corner of the fort. With Gillmores guns pummeling the fort, preparations for an assault to be launched the next day moved forward. With the reduction of the southeast corner, Union guns were able to fire directly into Fort Pulaski. After a Union shell nearly detonated the forts magazine, Olmstead realized that further resistance was futile. At 2:00 PM, he ordered the Confederate flag lowered. Crossing to the fort, Benham and Gillmore opened surrender talks. These were quickly concluded and the 7th Connecticut Infantry arrived to take possession of the fort. As it was a year since the fall of Fort Sumter, Porter wrote home that Sumter is avenged! Aftermath An early victory for the Union, Benham and Gillmore lost one killed, Private Thomas Campbell of the 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Infantry, in the battle. Confederate losses totaled three severely wounded and 361 captured. A key result of the fight was the stunning performance of the rifled guns. Tremendously effectively, they made masonry fortifications obsolete. The loss of Fort Pulaski effectively closed the port of Savannah to Confederate shipping for the remainder of the war. Fort Pulaski was held by a reduced garrison for the rest of the war, though Savannah would remain in Confederate hands until taken by Major General William T. Sherman in late 1864 at the culmination of his March to the Sea.

Black Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Studies - Essay Example will analyze the case of two â€Å"white† newspapers and one â€Å"black† newspaper as a means of identifying key differentials in the reporting of the same noteworthy incident. For purposes of analysis, an article from all three newspapers, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and the New York Amsterdam News will each by discussed and analyzed. The subject matter that has been chosen for analysis between the three newspapers is that of the unveiling of a brand new statue of Rosa Parks within the rotunda of Capitol Hill. Whereas many white individuals have been immortalized by inclusion in the U.S. pantheon as it were, the exhibition of an African American within such austere company was never before realized. As a function of this, the black newspaper which will be analyzed The New York Amsterdam News recently published an article on the internet entitled, â€Å"A Statue of Rosa Parks Unveiled in the Capital Building† which opens by stating the following: â€Å"With a caramel-colored statue of Rosa Parks to his right, President Barack Obama offered a moving tribute to the great civil rights icon in the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday morning† (Boyd 1). This in and of itself is interesting due to the fact that although the other papers which will be discussed are forced to mention the importance that race has to do with the given subject matter, The New York Amsterdam News opens its piece by reaffirming the historic and current overarching importance that an understanding and appreciation of race has. Consequently, the article goes on to re-emphasize the importance of Rosa Park’s statute being the first African American depicted within Capitol Hill has on the national consciousness and the furtherance of the ongoing Civil Rights movement. Only after these topics have been thoroughly discussed does it deviate towards a historical approach to why Rosa Park’s contribution maintains a dominant and relevant role within the current times. In a way, the

Employee Motivation in IKEA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Motivation in IKEA - Assignment Example The assignment "Employee Motivation in IKEA" analyzes the IKEA company management strategies, how it motivates its employees and how this motivation can be achieved. Several theories can be used to express the IKEA’s concern to employee motivation. It is stated that motivation occurs when the psychological needs of an employee are fulfilled and satisfied. As such, an employee that does not have any psychological issues will be dedicated to the productivity of the firm. Consequentially, there is an inverse proportion between the psychological satisfaction of an employee and employee’s productivity. Employees that have limited psychological issues as a result of psychological fulfillment are utterly productive. On the other hand, employees that have unlimited psychological issues in as a result of psychological dissatisfaction record dismal performance. With such considerations, IKEA has initiated an aspect of ensuring the employees are psychologically satisfied. According to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, employees need physiological needs for optimal performance. In this line, IKEA has ensured the employees are accessible t o basic needs. This is the provision of a better remuneration to the employees. As such, employees will have an easy time in catering for their food, water warmth, and rest. Employees are motivated by the provision of a safe environment. The security and safety of the employees motivate the employees to work for an organization for a long period. This limits employees working in paranoia.

Stocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stocks - Essay Example (Maunder 3rd Ed).However Common Shareholders are entitled to rights of pre-emption in the event of the company decision of offering more stock. Preferred Stock:Preferred Stock pertains to the philosophy of "hybrid security", that is where there is a payment of a fixed dividend to its owners and this dividend does not fluctuate(it does not have to be paid this dividend if. Preferred stock can be either Cumulative( that is giving its owners the right to accumulate dividend payments missed before),Non-Cumulative (where no payment is made available for skipped dividends),Participating(stock with a higher rate of dividend) and Convertible(to shares). Trading in stocks is carried out at the stock exchange, by individual investors and hedge fund traders. However trading in stocks is no longer limited to the interaction at the Stock Exchange and stocks are also auctioned at the open stock exchange through "Open Outcry" and share purchases can also be made online.An example of the physical/conventional stock exchange model is New York Stock Exchange which is a listed exchange. How are stocks traded on a listed exchange Orders for the purchase of stock are entered through the exchange members and go on to the specialists Once a purchase has been made the specialist will close the difference taking into amount the time considerations. The details of the trade are recorded and sent back to the relevant brokerage firm.The modern day physical stock exchange is also highly computerised. An example of virtual listed exchange is NASDAQ which includes trading only over the computer and the traders will be matched through the computer system. Another example of an electronic stock exchange is the The Paris Bourse. Why are stocks and stock markets an integral part of the Economy Significant source of funding for large companies in a public way as stocks present a fairly liquid investment option unlike investment in property etc. Rising stock prices indicate a booming economy and good business investment. Stock prices are on the top agenda of financial regulators like the state/central bank as any unusual variation in these prices will adversely affect the health of the economy. Therefore the smooth exchange of stocks and shares facilitates entrepreneurial success and long term success in an economy. Currently there is an increased trend of investing in stocks rather than government based securities like bonds etc in the developed economic systems like

David Bowie and Performativity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Bowie and Performativity - Research Paper Example This paper aims to analyze a song by David Bowie using Butler’s theory of gender performance. The essay aims at developing an argument referring to David Bowie’s song titled â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† from his album Diamond Dogs. The argument is going to be based on how the song represents gender, sexuality and identity. It is also going to analyze how Bowie challenges narratives of authentic identity. Bowie’s ways of troubling gender and sexuality as stable, readable, and expressive categories are also going to be addressed. According to Butler, gender is not based on a stable identity but an identity that is constitutively created through time and molded through repetition (Leonard 134). This repetition of deeds has a set of meanings that are already established in society. Gender reality is a product of performativity, which means that its degree of realness is measured by the extent of the performance. In this context, some acts are interpreted as an expression of gender identity. These acts can either conform to the expected cultural norms or contradict these norms. The song â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† by David Bowie is about a boy who went against his parent’s wishes and started wearing girl’s clothes and make up. Additionally, in the same album, there is a song titled â€Å"Walk on the Wild Side† about a transvestite. ... In all the live stage performances of this song, Bowie is dressed in outrageous feminine clothes. This aspect of staging artistic shows where the established distinction between genders was overlooked led to the emergence of Glam. Glam is a controversial stage performance and presentation of artistry that incorporates gender-bending techniques (Leonard 150). It also included the depiction of drag queens and personalities in different levels of conveying the underlying undertones in their performances. Bowie appearing in drag as Ziggy Stardust portrays this in the song. The song â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† conveys the notion that gender is not a static phenomenon as exhibited by the glam and drag modes of staging live artistic shows. The song tries to establish the fact that gender is a state that is achieved through change in behavioral mannerisms rather than a static set inbuilt qualities. According to Judith Butler, gender is an achievable state that is acquired through practice and repetition. Unlike common belief that a person is born into a specified and predetermined gender dictated by their biological sex, gender is perceived as a cultural dictate. This means that at one point in time, the human society decided to assign status to people. There was no other better way to do this than create a distinction between male and female roles. This spawned what is today referred to as gender. The society then designed roles that were assigned specific acts or behavior patterns that acted as a measure of gender. The song by Bowie seeks to depict gender as something that is not tangible but an idea that is held by people. Through repetition, as described by Butler, the notion of gender is realised through performativity. This is in the

Peer response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer response - Assignment Example The author vaguely states that,† I don’t believe that it will give you a bacon bowl â€Å"easily†.† He/she doesn’t state what grounds makes him/her believe so. Moreover, he/she doesn’t explain why he/she thinks the ad is ‘ridiculous’. The piece is well done. The author gives a detailed synopsis of the ad, the claims made and the methods used to convince people of the truth. Nevertheless, the author doesn’t state who is making these claim, which is an essential part of the assignment. The author should have elaborated how the system does slim the body fat. What is the science behind it? And is the method tested and proven to work? The author does make a few spelling mistakes e.g. he/she writes excerise instead of exercise and clincial instead of clinical. I also feel the author should have given his or her opinion on the claims made in the ad. He/she should make his/her stand known as to whether he/she thinks the claims are plausible or not and give reasons justifying the

Theories of deviance Essay Example for Free

Theories of deviance Essay Theories of deviance (1)The text describes issues of unacceptable behavior in the society. There was given 4 different theories that explain reasons and different aspects of deviance behavior. (2)In the beginning of the text author gives us the examples of deviance behavior: alcoholism, stealing, being nude in public places. Also there is a definition of deviance behavior: behavior that violates social norms and disapproval from the majority of society. However, the behavior which is deviant for one group of people may be acceptable for others. Science that explore deviance is criminology. (3)Differential-association theory. Edwin Sutherland, the author derive this theory to explain the processes of how people learn to violate. The key features of this theory is environment in which the person is and agents of socialization: family, friends, co-workers and media. People learn criminal behavior from the interactions with others, especially in small groups. The problem is that the vague terminology of the theory don’t let it to validate empirically. Anomie theory. Robert Merton defines the term â€Å"anomie† as situation in which social norms conflict or don’t even exist. Merton pointed the difference between social acceptable goals and opportunities that people have to reach this goals. With the example of achievement of wealth author shows that when people don’t have means to attain their goals, they can use deviance behavior as a response to injustice. Although, the theory does not explains the process of learning deviance. Control theory. Walter Reckless claim that people periodically may want to act in deviance ways, but most of them don’t do it. The key is in various restraints, like internal: conscience, values, integrity, and outer: police, family and religious authorities. Self-control plays an important role in preventing unacceptable acting. Development of self-control requires right  socialization, especially in early childhood. Critics use the examples of politics and businessmen’s that commit crimes. Labeling theory. The theory claims that acting become deviant only when society defines it deviant. Drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals, sex offenders, retarded people are labeled as deviant people. The consequences of being labeled can be very deep, for example people who are labeled as deviant are more likely to act against social norms as a result of the label. In support of the theory author gives the description of classic study (William Chambliss, 1973) into the effects of labeling. 1- Conclusion. 2- Introduction. 3- Arguments Explanations background information.

Why is Frankenstein Guilty?

Why is Frankenstein Guilty? I may die; but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. Beware; for I am fearless, and therefore powerful. -The Monster, Ch. 20 I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on. In Waltons final letter to his sister, he recounts the words that the monster speaks to him over Victors dead body. This eruption of angry self-pity as the monster questions the injustice of how he has been treated compellingly captures his inner life, giving Walton and the reader a glimpse into the suffering that has motivated his crimes. This line also evokes the motif of abortion: the monster is an unwanted life, a creation abandoned and shunned by his creator. Frankenstein was a man whose ambition led to a disaster; His actions led to evil. Is Frankenstein an innocent? In my opinion, he was not an innocent. The meaning of innocent is to free from evil or guilt. The word Frankenstein is defined in the dictionary (Encarta Dictionary) as a creator of something that causes ruin or destruction, or brings about a personal downfall, showing a well suited name. A common quotation is that One is innocent until proved guilty, If this quotation is applied to Victor Frankenstein, he would be innocent, for creating a human, which was morally and contextually incorrect; He would be innocent for allowing the murders of William, Justine, Elizabeth and Clerval to take place. It may be true that Frankenstein did not physically murder, however, he is the main cause, and the reason they died. Frankenstein never admitted to his families what he had done; he never took responsibility for his actions. The so called monster murdered for companionship, not to seek revenge from his victims, but to seek revenge from Frankenstein. The circumstances forced Frankensteins monster to do so, Victor was the instigator of these circumstances. My first thought was to discover what I knew of the murderer and cause instant pursuit to be made. But I paused when I reflected on the story I had to tell.(Frankenstein, Mary Shelley), This shows that Victor had the knowledge that he was the reason William was dead. Frankenstein didnt need to know about the murderer, because he indirectly was the murderer, through the circumstances he created for the monster, as I mentioned briefly before. Frankensteins reason for creating the creature was his interest in his studies, which led him to the idea of bettering mankind. Victor thought he was doing a service to humanity by creating a new human. A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. I might in process of time (although I now found it impossible) renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption. This quote shows his ego behind these plans. He wanted to conquer death, something the average human could not do. He wanted to be revered highly by this so called perfect and beautiful creature. According to him, it may have been acceptable to play the role of god; maybe his being a scientist is why he didnt think of what was morally correct. However, the quote shows that right from the start, Victor had an idea of how he would somewhat be stepping into the shoes of a godlike figure, he outlines the fact that he would be superior, and he would have the power to renew the dead. This proves that he had no innocence, or naivety in terms of knowing precisely what he was doing and what it would lead to. After creating his creature, on the basis of aesthetics, he shunned it. He may also have shunned it because he already conquered death, so in his view, he may have already obtained the status of god, or a superior power, something no one had achieved. He didnt think about anything past the ugliness of the creature, or his personal benefits. His selfishness is what ultimately destroyed him and others as well. The creature he created is more like a project to Frankenstein, his aim is to conquer death, and once he has done so, the project is over. Not once does he consider the fact that he has simply given birth to a new human being, with feelings and emotion, a live creature who has to be taught the ways of life as if it is a baby. Frankensteins abandonment of the creature is another factor that proves him guilty, and not innocent. Frankenstein was wrong for being irresponsible, short sighted, and neglecting his creature. He didnt give his creature anything he needed. Its his own fault that the creature comes back saying I may die; but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. Beware; for I am fearless, and therefore powerful. The creature was deprived of the companionship, which he could only get from his creator. The creature figures that the only way he can get some attention, is by threatening his creator. This could be compared to a situation with a child and a parent. Frankenstein is somewhat the parent of his creature. His job is to nurture him, but because of his own ego, he runs away. If it were a parent and a child, the child would be defenceless because it hasnt even developed physically, however the creature is an example where he is an uneducated child, with a higher physical strength. Frankensteins creature thinks through intuition, as any child who hasnt learnt anything would do. He doesnt know whats right and wrong, so he doesnt know its wrong to threaten; he doesnt know its wrong to kill. Blaming him is like blaming a child for breaking a valuable, such as a vase. You cant blame the child because their knowledge hasnt developed, they havent yet learnt. However in the childs case, after making such a mistake, the child would be taught not to do so again, creating a basis of how it is wrong, this does not take place for the creature. It could be argued that the creature shou ld know through Victors fear, but does a child learn anything when it senses fear? No, it anything, it will only learn to keep intimidating. Frankensteins faults of his creation, or you could say his faults in parenting, in fact started from the very beginning. Frankensteins creature is described as having dark black hair, yellow skin, black lips and eyes sunk into his sockets (Shelly 56). Its quite ironic that Frankenstein feared his own creation, he is the one who hand-picked the features his so called perfect man would have. For him to say breathless horror and disgust filled my heart(56), towards a creation of his own, just shows his tendency towards aesthetics, and how backward he is in terms of being accepting, yet how forward he is in terms of doing something new. He is responsible for the way the creature turned out. This once more, proves his irresponsibility, and his view to the creation as a project. His attitude towards the creature is why he was irresponsible. He wasnt serious enough, or perhaps he wasnt ready to face negative consequences, seeing as he was a perfectionist. The background Frankenstein created in terms of nurture is what caused his creature to murder. Victor admitted to creating the monster, but he denied that he drove the monster to commit murder. He wouldnt admit to anyone; not himself, not his family, that he was the one who allowed the murders to take place. He allowed Clerval, his wife Elizabeth, his brother William and Justines death to take place because he didnt take the blame for his actions. If he had admitted to his actions earlier, less deaths would have been caused, if he had been responsible, and given the creature what it needed, he would not be guilty of four murders. In the end, Frankenstein was at loss of everything close to him, he blamed the monster, but it was his fault. He had a faint idea that it was his fault, although no one could possibly be able to admit to murdering the people close to you. The only way he could be innocent, is for not literally taking a knife and stabbing his relatives. However the pain he got from his creature was his own fault. Innocence lies in having no sense of guilt for any action of yours, this, Victor did clearly not have. The creature couldnt stop himself from destroying Victor, because Victor couldnt stop himself from creating the creature. The creature was an innocent; it only reacted to the actions of society. Victor was guilty in every way.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - The Author/Poet of Beowulf -- Epic Beowulf ess

The Author/Poet of Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Little is known about the poet who wrote Beowulf; we have only what information we can deduce from logically reasoning from whatever evidence scholars find in the poem itself.    First of all, consistency of style suggests that the poem was written by one person only (Thompson 14). There is no appreciable variation from uniform linguistic and metrical characteristics. Antithesis is a strong feature of the style:â€Å"This tendency to antithesis, frequently verging on paradox, and the constant play of irony are but stylistic manifestations of those movements of the poet’s thought which shape the very stuff of the poem† (Blomfield 58). There is the reference to the burning of Heorot woven into the description of its first glories, and the prediction of family strife while yet all is well in Hrothgar’s court. The writer’s style includes depth and vibrancy, and â€Å"a high degree of abstraction and formalism† (Blomfield 64). There are many digressions in the poem: â€Å"the poet’s digressive, revaluative style† (Tripp 64). The author is omniscient: â€Å"The poet reserves the right to say what people are thinking † (Shippey 39).    Secondly, the employment of several conventional poetic devices suggests that the author was an educated person. Beowulf is distinguished primarily by its heavy use of   allliteration, or the repetition of the initial sounds of words. The Old English poet would â€Å"tie† the two half-lines together by their stressed alliteration (Chickering 4). Each line of poetry ideally contains four principal stresses, two on each side of a strong medial caesura, or pause. â€Å"At least one of the two stressed swords in the first half-line, and usually both of them, begin with the same sound as... ...raki, translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York: Penguin Books, 1998.    Shippey, T.A.. â€Å"The World of the Poem.† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Tharaud, Barry. â€Å"Anglo-Saxon Language and Traditions in Beowulf.† In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.    Thompson, Stephen P. â€Å"The Beowulf poet and His World.† In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.    Tripp, Raymond P. â€Å"Digressive Revaluation(s).† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000   

Marriage in 18th Century Europe Essays -- European History

Marriage in 18th Century Europe The major movement regarding marriage in the eighteenth century was from church to state. Marital laws and customs, once administered and governed by the church, increasingly came to be controlled by legislators who passed many laws restricting the circumstances and legality of marriages. These restrictions tended to represent the interests of the wealthy and uphold patriarchal tradition. Backlash to these restrictions produced a number of undesirable practices, including promiscuity, wife-sale, and divorce. Before the eighteenth century, marriage was far less complicated. Verbal consent and consumation constituted legal marriage: "once the knot was tied by such verbal exchanges it could not be undone: a valid marriage was technically indissoluble. Such vows could be made, moreover, by boys the age of fourteen and girls of twelve" (Outhwaite xiii). The laws that began to be passed in the 1700's were decidedly un-religious, designed mostly to protect patriarchy and wealth. Much of the marriage laws passed during this period reflect the prevailing opinion of women as childlike, frivolous, and simpleminded. As Rousseau put it, "little girls always dislike learning to read and write, but they are always ready to learn to sew." Custom made man "undisputed lord of the home" (Murstein 220) and laws were passed to solidify this position: "Upon marriage, husband and wife became one- and that one was the man. Her land became his, as did her debts." The structure of eighteenth century society made this necessary, especially for the lower classes; a family's income would be totally based on the earning power of the man. Thus, logic dictated that he control all the finances. Even so, some of the l... ...who could not afford several licences, and a big wedding or dowry. "Fleet marriages" were very common in the first half of the eighteenth century. These were marriages performed by "defrocked and disreputable" ministers for cash, often through the bars of a debtors prison on Fleet street. One such minister was so successful that "in the same one-year period that he performed 6000 marriages, only fifty regular contracts were solemnized in the neighboring St. Annes's church. Although this practice was banned by the Marriage Act of 1753, it just goes to show that marriage and love cannot be regulated by monetary concerns. Works Cited Murstein, Bernard I. Love, Sex, and Marriage Through the Ages. ???? Outhwaite, R.B. Clandestine Marriage in England 1560-1850. Hambledon Press, NY: 1995. Stone, Lawrence. Road to Divorce Oxford University Press, Oxford: l990.

Comparison of the first chapters of Pride and Prejudice and Great Expectations Essay

In the first chapter of Great Expectations, Dickens uses first person narrative to present a retrospective account of the narrator’s formative experiences. The narrator has obviously matured and learnt much since his days as a young boy, and he recounts his innocent imagination with some humour and disdain: â€Å"My first fancies regarding what they were like, were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.† Here Dickens uses authorial control to present a pitiful account of a lonely, orphaned boy; â€Å"and that Philip Pirrip, late of the parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried.† And the fact that he mentions his parents death in the second paragraph shows just how significantly this has affected the young boy’s life. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen also uses authorial control to immediately inform the reader of the central theme of the book, and establish a humorous, ironic tone. This is done through the famous first line: â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† but unlike Dicken’s first person narration, Austen separates herself completely from the mind and viewpoint of the characters, using dialogue to show her contempt for the social expectation of marriage: â€Å"‘Oh! Single, my dear to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!'† Austen presents Mrs Bennet as a personification of the first sentence of the book, and uses humour and irony to satirise and mock her. Another comparison between the two first chapters is that Dickens is very descriptive in his opening paragraphs: â€Å"Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles at sea.† whereas Austen does not give any background information on the characters and where they live until the end. At the end of the chapter Austen describes Mr and Mrs Bennet: â€Å"Mr Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice.† and: â€Å"Mrs Bennet was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and certain temper.† This authorial comment tells the reader exactly how to interpret the conversation they have just read, and it also presents a contrast between the two books: as Dickens uses pathos to make the reader pity Pip, Austen makes no attempt to make her central characters likeable. Finally both authors use binary opposition to emphasize the attributes of the different characters. For example in Great Expectations, Dickens contrasts the young, innocent Pip against the old and experienced nature of the escaped convict. When Pip meets the old man he lets his fearful imagination take hold of him: â€Å"‘O! Don’t cut my throat sir,'† I plead in terror. ‘Pray don’t do it, sir.'† which shows just how little understanding of the world Pip has. In Pride and Prejudice Mr Bennet’s mildly sarcastic statements are lost on Mrs Bennet, who’s over enthusiasm makes her oblivious to Mr Bennet’s mocking tone: â€Å"Mr Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion on my poor nerves.† The disparity between them is amusing, but it is also ironic, as the reader’s first view of marriage in a novel about finding marital happiness is one of a mismatc hed couple that cannot communicate.

Relationship between pressure and volume Essay

Questions – According to the result of the experiment, the relationship between variables such as volume and pressure was inversely related. However, the graph that showed the relationship between 1/volume and the pressure was directly related. – Gas law was defined by many scientists. However, the relationship between volume and pressure was proved by Boyle who made Boyle’s laws which defined pressure and volume are inversely proportional. If the pressure goes up, the volume will go down and vice versa. However, if we put the volume inversely, then the relationship between pressure and the inversed volume will be changed into directly proportional. – KMT (Kinetic molecular theory) helps to explain macroscopic properties of gases such as pressure, temperature of volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion. It says that pressure is due to collisions between molecules moving at different velocities. If the gas is in a container, the collision with the wall is instantaneous and elastic. Therefore, its shape is changeable by pressure or temperature. However, at some point, the volume does not change little when there is no more space between molecules or the collision with wall is stronger than the pressure. As we can see in the result of the experiment, there is bigger difference between weak pressures and smaller difference between strong pressures. At the end there is almost no difference between pressures. The other graph that volume was inversely drawn shows constant increase which is directly proportion. We can also find the shape of graph from the equation. The origin equation of Boyles’ law is P?1/V à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ P=k(1/V) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ PV=k. Conclusion From the experiment, I was able to determine the mathematical relationship between pressure and volume. According to the Boyles’ law, Pressure*Volume has constancy because pressure and volume are inversely related to each other. To find out the pressure, I had to fine out the mass and the area of contact because the pressure has a formula (Mass/Area). According to the formula, the pressure of a book had 251g/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (1440/5.73 = 251g/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½). Therefore, the pressure will be constantly changed by the number of books. It is not the end of the pressure. I had to add the total pressure on the piston equals the pressure from the books plus the atmospheric pressure. For the volume part, I just had to record the scale of syringe that shown according to the number of books. The more books press the syringe, the less scale of volume was shown. From the Boyles’ law, P?1/V à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ P=k(1/V), PV=k(constant) can be deduced. Form the mathematical calculation based on the Boyles’ law, the volume was exactly decreased, when the pressure was increased. In addition, Pressure*Volume showed the constancy, even if it contained huge uncertainties. Therefore, the conclusion will be same as Boyles’ law that the pressure and the volume are inversely proportional. To make the graph which shows the relationship between pressure and volume more understandable, I supposed the small numbers (50-1000) of pressure that would give much bigger volume by dividing constant from pressure. According to the graph, smaller number of pressure has bigger number of volume, and vice versa. Limitation There were a few limitations in my laboratory. First of all, as you can see in the volume part, there is no volume difference between no book and with a book which means there was not any pressure between these. I think that was because of the supporting thing which was the top of the syringe where we put the books. It seemed that it had reasonable weight as much as a book had. Secondly, there were huge uncertainties between theory and my experiment as we can assume that the experiment is not reliable. For example, the uncertainty of constant of Pressure and Volume, it had 8% of uncertainties so the biggest constancy was 1200 (highest constancy was 46,900 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3750 – the lowest constancy was 45,700 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3660) Moreover, I found that there was not constant pressure due to the unstable syringe, I had to make the balance point so my pressure by hands might influence the results. Improvement Fortunately, my experiment had a few odd points so it was rather successful. However, to improve my experiment, I need to figure it out the mass of the support thing that was on the top of the syringe. Due to the resistance by supporting stuff, there was not any volume difference between no book and a book. For the next time, we may find how much it can support it so we can subtract that weight. There were huge uncertainties that prove the results are not reliable. To reduce the uncertainties, we need to measure more accurately with more significant digits. Also, I can do more trials to make the result more accurately. Besides, we need to find more stable equipment that we do not need to find the balance point and put pressure by hand accidently. In addition, make it sure that the gas which was blocked to be released by piston should not be leaked. Lastly, when any scale is measured, make it sure that all of them are accurate so that the uncertainty will be less which means the exper iment will be more reliable.

Promoting National Unity in Sri Lanka Through Education

It took three decades of war, ethnic conflict and loss of thousands of lives for Sri Lankans to realize the importance of unity. Sri Lanka now stands in a position where the country is gradually recovering from brutal wounds of war and this is high time for the nation to look into aspects of promoting unity among diverse cultures and ethnic groups to avoid the reoccurrence of such a tragedy. One way of achieving unity among different ethnic groups is through education. Enlightenment of the nation about the importance of unity can only be achieved by educating people.This essay will analyze the ways of achieving unity through education with relation to the Sri Lankan society. Language is a powerful tool which can be used to achieve mutual understanding among cultures. It can also be used to share knowledge. So it is important to break language barriers between people in order to bridge them through communication. As the 20 million population of Sri Lanka consists of people belonging t o diverse ethnic groups where, more than one language is used, it is important to promote a trilingual education system, provided the most widely spoken languages in Sri Lanka being Sinhala, English and Tamil.The learning of all aforementioned languages should be made compulsory at primary level. Education in schools should be offered in all three mediums and the equal importance of these languages should be emphasized. The adaptation of a trilingual policy in education will facilitate the access to cultural texts and knowledge and promote unity through interactions between students where, mutual understanding can be achieved. Equal importance to all the cultures should be given and students should be educated to respect the customs and traditions of other cultures and religions or racial groups.Once steps are taken to break the language barrier, interactions between students from all parts of the country should be promoted. This could be done through extracurricular activities such as organizing cultural festivals and organizing field trips where students from the North can visit schools in the south and vice versa. Also schools could work together on joint ventures or projects where students will get opportunities to make new friends. The system of schools around the country should be linked to acilitate the knowledge sharing g process and this could be done through the implementation of a common platform, for an example as a social network among schools for sharing ideas and knowledge. National coherence will be achieved through interaction of cultures and this will promote national unity. The education system should be reformed to promote divergent thinking and it is important to change the attitudes of students from the contemporary social views of attributing a person to a specific nationality (Sinhalese, Muslim or Tamil) to attributing people to the common nationality of Sri Lankan.This should be taught at the school level so that future generations wil l hopefully have a different but positive attitude towards other cultures besides their culture. Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels where students will be given transfer scholarships to different areas of the country to study about culture and traditions of a particular ethnic group and also be given opportunity to study and research about post conflict consequences.Creation of a platform for tertiary level students to present findings from their researches to help the process of national decision making, this can be achieved by creating partnerships with state universities and the assistance of university academics can also be used in national policy making with regards to reconciliation.In my opinion, the above four factors, Adopting a trilingual policy and Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels interactions amo ng students, promoting the concept of a common nationality and are the most important to be considered when achieving national unity through education. Concentrating on the significance of two of the above factors in achieving national development, the adaptation of a trilingual policy plays key role in this narrative.As unity is promoted through mutual understanding, individuals can unite and work together towards attaining national development. Since equal significance will be given to all the nationalities and thereby language and cultural disputes will be solved and the reoccurrence of a tragedy such as the ethnic conflict which crippled the Sri Lankan economy will not take place.Peace is the most important factor to achieve national development, for a war torn country, achieving economic stability would be a mere dream. As for the importance of interactions between people for national development, it can be stated that greater interaction between diverse groups of people facili tates the process of sharing knowledge in different cultures. This knowledge can be used to develop modern technologies and sciences.Knowledge and the creation of intellectuals who are nourished with rich cultural knowledge can help develop innovations and policies that will help the country achieve economic growth and stability. In conclusion it is to be understood that when considering the above factors, giving equal significance to all ethnic groups, adopting a trilingual policy and developing people to people contacts is important to achieve national unity and national development. As a saying goes, ‘United, we stand, Divided we fall’.

Meaning Of French Expression Avoir LEsprit DEscalier

Meaning Of French Expression Avoir LEsprit DEscalier â€Å"Avoir l’esprit d’escalier† - or sometimes â€Å"avoir l’esprit de l’escalier† is yet another weird French idiom. Literally, it means to have the wit of the staircase. So it means nothing really!   Synonyms of Avoir lEsprit dEscalier in French and English In English, you sometimes call this â€Å"escalator wit†, or afterwit. It means to make a witty comeback, to answer someone in a witty (and fast) way. Its something the French really admire and are trained to do as part of our national sport: arguing and debating. To say to make a witty comeback, we use the expression â€Å"avoir de la rà ©partie†. So here, we could say â€Å"manquer de rà ©partie†, â€Å"ne pas savoir rà ©pliquer sur le moment†, â€Å"perdre ses moyens†. Example of Escalator Wit in French and English Moi, je manque cruellement de rà ©partie. Quand je me sens attaquà ©e, je perds tous mes moyens, je bredouille... et puis quand je suis rentrà ©e chez moi, je trouve plein de rà ©pliques fantastiques. Jai vraiment lesprit descalier. I desperately lack the ability to make witty comebacks. When I feel threatened, I lose my cool, I stutter... and once Im back home, I find lots of great comebacks. I really have an escalator wit. Origin of the French Idiom â€Å"Avoir l’Esprit d’Escalier† The philosopher Diderot wrote around 1775: â€Å" « ...lhomme sensible comme moi, tout entier ce quon lui objecte, perd la tà ªte et ne se retrouve quau bas de lescalier  ». Which translates  to: â€Å"The sensitive man such as myself, entirely absorbed by things that are being objected to him, loses his mind and recovers it only at the bottom of the stairs†. He meant that if someone opposed him in a conversation, he was so upset by it that he couldn’t concentrate anymore, and that it’s only once he had left, and reached the bottom of the staircase (therefore too late), that he could come up with a good answer.   French stairs Speaking of lescalier, remember French people do not count their stairs the way Americans do.

Cather in the Rye Essay essays

Cather in the Rye Essay essays Catcher in the Rye is one of the most interesting books that Ive read this year. Although Holdens language is very vulgar, it makes the book more real and interesting. I didnt see it when first reading the book but Salinger uses his characters as symbols or his characters have a function as to what he feels. The three major characters that he mentions the most are Allie, his brother, Phoebe, his younger sister, and Jane Gallagher, a friend. These characters have a great function in the book, the function The first character I would like to tell you about is Allie, Holdens brother. Holden adores Allie and is very distressed about the premature death. It is easy to say that Allies death was the beginning of a downward spiral in Holdens life. According to Holden, Allie was one of the most lovable people ever. Youd have liked him... He was terrifically intelligent...But it wasnt just that he was the most intelligent member in the family. He was also the nicest. As Holden gets more and more upset throughout his days in New York, Allie is a reoccurring thought. Holden seems to use Allie as a sort of medicine. Thinking of Allie both comforts him and upsets him. On his last day in New York, there is even a point when Holden walks on the street talking aloud to Allie. Allie, dont let me disappear...Please, Allie. And when Id reach the other side of the street without disappearing. Id thank him. Holden feels guilty about some things with Allie. One particular instance that Holden dwells on is a summer day when Allie wanted to accompany Holden and a friend on the bike ride. Allie heard us talking about it, and he wanted to go, and I wouldnt let him. I told him he was a ...

How to Choose an Online High School

How to Choose an Online High School Choosing an online high school is a challenge. Parents need to find a virtual program that offers an accredited diploma and provides academic support for students, all without breaking the bank. Asking the right questions will help you find the online high school that best meets your needs. Here are twelve of the most important questions to consider: What type of online high school is this? There are four types of online high schools: private schools, public schools, charter schools, and university-sponsored schools. Being familiar with these school types will help you sort through your options. Who accredits this school? An online high school that is regionally accredited will have the widest acceptance. Diplomas and credits from regionally accredited schools are generally accepted by colleges and secondary schools. Some colleges and high schools may also accept national accreditation. Keep an eye out for unaccredited and diploma mill schools – these programs will take your money, leaving you with an inferior education and a worthless diploma. What curriculum is used? Your online high school should have a time-tested curriculum that meets your child’s academic needs (remedial, gifted, etc). Ask about additional programs such as special education, college prep, or advanced placement. What training and qualificatio ns do the teachers have? Be wary of online high schools that hire teachers without a college diploma or teaching experience. Teachers should be credentialed, know how to work with teenagers, and be comfortable with computers. How long has this online school existed? Online schools come and go. Choosing a school that has been around for longer can help you avoid the trouble of trying to transfer schools at a later date. What percent of students graduate? You can learn a lot by an online high school’s graduation track record. If a large percentage of students drop out, you may want to reconsider. Be aware that certain types of schools (such as academic recovery programs) will always have a smaller number of graduates. How many students go on to college? If college is important to you, choose an online high school that sends a lot of its graduates to college. Be sure to ask about services such as college counseling, SAT preparation, and admissions essay assistance. What expenses can be expected? Most private schools charge tuition by the semester. Public programs may provide classes free of charge, but require parents to pay for expenses such as computers, software, and internet connections. Ask abou t additional charges for curriculum, technology fees, graduation fees, and all other expenses. Also, ask about discounts, scholarships, and payment programs. How many students does each teacher work with? If a teacher is assigned too many students, he may not have time for one-on-one help. Find out what the student-teacher ratio is for most classes and ask if there is a better ratio for essential subject such as math and English. What additional help is available for struggling students? If your child is struggling, you need to know that help is available. Ask about tutoring and individual assistance. Is there any extra charge for additional help? What distance learning format is used? Some online high schools require students to work independently and turn in assignments by email. Other programs have virtual â€Å"classrooms† that allow students to interact with teachers and peers. Are any extracurricular activities offered? Find out if there are any clubs or social events available to students. Some schools offer extracurricular virtual programs that engage students and look good on a resume. In addition to these twelve basic questions, be sure to ask about any further concerns you may have. If your child has special needs or an unusual schedule, ask how the school will be able to accommodate these issues. Taking the time to interview online high schools can be a hassle. But, enrolling your child in the best possible program is always worth it.

Increase Motivation for Reading through Choice

Increase Motivation for Reading through Choice When the headlines report  that  the overall average reading score of 8th students in 2015 declined in comparison to the previous assessment in 2013, there was a chorus of educators who  most likely responded: But...they just dont want to read! The report released by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is considered a benchmark on the academic progress of an estimated  60 million secondary students  attending private and public middle and high schools in the United States. The most recent statistics on these students indicate that there is a significant drop in reading proficiency levels in grades 7-12. For example, only 34 percent of 8th graders (2015) scored at or above proficient levels on the, the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment. This NAEP data also shows a disturbing trend, with reading scores of eighth graders across demographic groups declining from 2013 to 2015. The report confirms what secondary teachers have been saying anecdotally, that  both high and low achieving students are often unmotivated to read. This lack of motivation has been also explored as a cultural problem in David Denbys New Yorker article, Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore?  and illustrated in an  infographic created by Common Sense Media  (2014) titled  Children, Teens and Reading. Perhaps it is no surprise to researchers that the decline in reading proficiency coincides with a decline with student autonomy or choice in reading materials. That decline in choice is created by an increase in teacher control of reading materials at the higher grade levels.   TheyWere Once Readers In the elementary grades, students are given the opportunity to develop a sense of autonomy in reading choice; they are allowed and encouraged to independently select books to read. There is explicit instruction in making good choices in lessons that explain how to judge a   just right book using questions such as: Are there more than five words on a page you don’t know?Are you confused about what is happening in most of this book? This autonomy contributes to the growth of a reader. According to J.T.  Guthrie, et al, in the research brief Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension Growth in the Later Elementary Years, (2007)  published in  Contemporary Educational Psychology: Children who valued choosing their own books subsequently developed elaborate strategies for selecting books and reported being more intrinsically motivated readers. By giving their students a choice of reading materials in the early grades, elementary teachers increase academic independence and motivation.   However, in most school systems, a students choice of reading material lessens as he or she moves up to the middle and high school grades. Assessment and Standards are Factors By the time a student moves into the middle grades, the  emphasis is on on discipline specific reading materials, as seen in the recommendation by the English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards in  Literacy  (Key Design Considerations) . This recommendation has resulted in an increase in the reading percentage of nonfiction or informational texts in all disciplines, not just ELA: By grade 8, reading materials should be 45% literary fiction and 55% informational texts;By the time students graduate, reading materials should be 30% literary fiction and 70% informational texts.   These same education researchers,  Guthrie et al, have also published an e-book (2012)  Motivation, achievement, and Classroom Contexts for Information Book Reading, to  document their pursuit of what motivates students to read and what classroom contexts best promote motivation. They note in their e-book that because schools are seeing an increase in educational accountability at different levels and there are a variety of  reading materials are assigned in all subject areas so that teachers can take formal and frequent evaluations of their students. Much of this reading material used for accountability, however, is dull: Middle school students overwhelmingly describe the information texts they read in science classes as boring, irrelevant, and difficult to understand- hardly a recipe for positive motivation to read this material. The researchers who argue for student autonomy agree that  student interest in reading independently (for fun) diminishes  when teachers overly control reading topics or materials. This is especially true for low achieving students. Researcher  Carol Gordon noted  that for this population of adolescents, student attitude is another factor. She explains: Since low-achievers typically do not read voluntarily outside of school, most of their reading is mandated. These students express anger and defiance, as indicated by survey data. In many cases, low achievers don’t really hate to read- they hate to be told what to read. Paradoxically, low-achieving students are the population that would benefit the most from an increase in voluntary reading. To counter the recent drops in reading proficiency, educators need to stop telling students, high and low-achieving, what to read so that students can develop develop ownership over their reading choices. Choice Motivates Students to Read One of the best ways to move beyond assigning all reading is for teachers to provide time in the academic day for voluntary reading of texts for extended periods of time. There may be objections to the use of already dedicated academic time, but the research indicates that time spent reading in school improves academic performance. This is true even for the light or fun reading of young adult literature.  Gordon explains that the  practice of free voluntary reading is not only conducive to reading motivation, [but] it actually works better than direct instruction. She cites Stephen Krashens work (2004) with 54 students, with 51 of those students who scored higher on reading tests than similar students given traditional skill-based reading instruction. Another compelling  argument for providing time in the school day to reading practice is the comparison  to the practice necessary one needs to do in order to become proficient at a sport; the increased number of practice hours increases performance. Even 10 minutes a day of reading can have dramatic effects by simply exposing students to multiple texts text. Researcher  M.J. Adams (2006) developed a data breakdown that illustrates how ten minutes of daily book reading in middle school will increase a student’s exposure to print by about 700,000 words each year. This exposure surpasses the amount of reading currently done by the same grade level students who are performing at the 70th percentile.   To facilitate student voluntary reading, students need access to reading materials that allow for their choice of reading materials. Independent reading libraries in classrooms can help students generate a sense of agency. Students can discover and share authors, explore topics in the  genres that appeal to them, and improve their reading habits. Create Independent Classroom Libraries The publisher Scholastic produced a report, Kids Family Reading Report (5th edition, 2014) As a publisher of children and young adult literature, Scholastic has a vested interest in increasing the number of readers across the country. In their research based on student polling, they found that in populations aged 12-17,  78% of frequent readers who read books for fun 5-7 times per week are provided time and choice in contrast to the 24% of the infrequent readers who are not provided time or choice. Scholastic also noted that choice for adolescents requires easy access to a wide range of interesting texts. One of their recommendations was that school districts must begin to put money into texts and   allocate funds for high-interest books. They recommend that independent reading libraries should be developed with student input as the critical resource for increasing reading proficiency. Another proponent for independent reading is   Penny Kittle,  an  English teacher and literacy coach at Kennett High School in North Conway, New Hampshire. She has written  Book Love.  a popular guide to helping secondary students read independently. In this guide,  Kittle offers strategies to help teachers, particularly English Language Arts teachers, to increase the volume of what students read and to deepen student thinking about what they read. She offers advice on how to build up those classroom libraries including  grant writing   or applications to  Donor’s Choose  or  The Book Love Foundation. Asking for multiple copies of texts from book clubs and going to warehouse, garage, and library sales are also great ways to grow the classroom libraries. Developing a good relationship with the school library is also important, and students should be encourages to recommend texts for purchase. Finally, teachers can look for the numerous options available wi th e-texts. Choice: ADesired Option The research concludes that there are millions of students who do not have the rudimentary reading skills that are needed to locate relevant information or make simple inferences. Without the necessary literacy skills for college or career, students may be retained in school or drop out of high school.   The consequences for underdeveloped literacy to the student and to the economic welfare of the country can mean the collective loss of billions of dollars in wages and earnings over a lifetime. Secondary educators need to guide students to associate reading with enjoyment and a worthwhile activity by offering choice. This association can result in making reading a desired option; to make students want to read. The benefits of allowing and encouraging students to make choices about reading will last beyond   school careers and throughout their lives.

The Triplet Genetic Code Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Triplet Genetic Code - Assignment Example The commonly used theory is the Stereochemical Theory that states that codon tasks are influenced by the physiochemical similarities amongst anticodons (cognate codons) and amino acids. The second theory is the Coevolution Theory that asserts that amino acids biosynthesis conduits and the code structure coevolved. The third is the "error minimization theory" that posits that the selectiveness to reduce the negative effects of point mutations and errors of translation comprised a big part of the evolution of the code. The similarities between amino acids and cognate triplets seen in "Aptamer Selection Experiments" seem exclusive in relation to enhanced tasks of the involved amino acid in the standardized code table (Caporaso, Yarus & Knight, 2005). Therefore, regardless of whether these affinities are related to the code's origin, the properties in relation to "error minimization" with regard to the standardized code continue to prompt added elucidations. Stereochemical Theory supporters contend that some assignments of the amino acids have stereochemical qualities, while others have transformed into discriminatory compulsion for error minimization, leading to the seen sturdiness of the standardized code. Biological experiments have indicated that even when about 8-12 amino acids tasks are fixed within the standardized table, there remain many spaces to generate highly optimized genetic codes (Pain, 2010). The explanation aforementioned, however, is seen to contradict with a number of biological proof.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example 9). He has the right to use such information for completing his duties rather than using it for its own purpose. However, any information used by him should first be approved by the concerned parties. It is necessary to maintain and follow professional standards while carrying out these kinds of duties. (ii) In this case, there is a breach of duty, which can be seen when Wendy performs the duty of a company secretary. As an engagement partner of the firm, Wendy has the responsibility of decision-making on significant auditing and accounting functions. The task of an engagement partner is complex and performing the company’s secretarial duties for even a little while will cause distractions in her duties and she would not be able to fulfill these duties effectively. â€Å"Generally, employees should not perform duties outside their job description† (Business Management: Internal Controls for Small Business, 2008, pg.23). It is evident that Wendy is responsible for perfor ming the accounting duties only. So in order to solve this issue, the auditor must provide suggestions to the top level management for the appointment of a new employee who would carry out the duties of the company secretary. ... 17) refers to the risk that arises in the methods adopted by the auditor to decrease audit risk. Whereas, material misstatement risk refers to the risk that occur when financial records are materially misstated prior to audit. It involves â€Å"inherent and control risk† (Christopher, 2012, slide. 17). In the first case, the company faces cost cutting and margin falling issues. â€Å"Cost cutting and pricing pressures are key risks to the business agenda† (Turn Risk and Opportunities into results 2013 The CFO Perspective- at a Glance, n.d, para. 3). Stress to cutting the costs comes not only from internal forces that function to protect margins but also from outside sources. The company pursues cost cutting plans and they expect rising competence from their partners and suppliers. In this situation, the company faces inherent risk in doing the business as nobody is aware of the occurrence of this risk.   (ii)   In the second situation, Getaway Pty Ltd faces the audi t risk in not carrying out the conservative business strategies effectively. The company faces inherent risk while reducing audit risk to a certain level. â€Å"The auditor will spend quite a bit of time at the early planning stages obtaining information to assess these risks so that â€Å"the engagement is performed in an effective manner† (Burke, n.d, pg. 1). The managers can make a decision, regarding business risks that occur due to poor information management, by determining if the time that they themselves and their assistants spend in gathering data is already available or not. Another method of measuring these risks is by observing performance data regularly and checking if reports are late or missing. 3. (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the successful

Risk Management Assessment Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management Assessment Summary - Essay Example Tatum (2011) notes that â€Å"Risk management is a logical process or approach that seeks to eliminate or at least minimize the level of risk associated with a business operation.† In the health sector, there are a couple of risks that can be pointed out off hand. Miller (2011) quotes the Joint Commission in-charge of the certification of healthcare organizations in the United States. The commission identifies types of risks in the healthcare industry and also defines risk management in the health care industry as â€Å"clinical and administrative activities undertaken to identify, evaluate, and reduce the risk of injury to patients, staff, and visitors and the risk of loss to the organization itself." In relation to the target set by the hospital, undertaking risk management at Trinity Hospital would therefore mean taking steps to identify all possible risks, while putting in place structures to critically evaluate the risks and coming out with prompt solutions on how to red uce the effect of the risks. At Trinity Hospital, three common risks can be pointed to. These risks have been with the hospital for long and needs to be curtailed if the hospital is really keen with achieving its set target of improving healthcare delivery and increasing number of patients it attends to. The three risks are deaths during medical operation, employee turnover and financial meltdown. These three risks are transversal meaning they cut across all spheres of the hospital’s management. It is not one sided but then has to do with the activities and roles played by almost every employee and management member of the hospital. The risk of deaths during medical operations affects the organizations badly in the sense that it gives a very bad image of the hospital in the sight of the public, seeking for improved healthcare. In the hospital’s bid to reach out to more patients in the

Negative Impact Of Outsourcing On Economy Research Paper

Negative Impact Of Outsourcing On Economy - Research Paper Example Companies contemplate on various ways in which they would reduce on the output of their money and intern saves on cost. Therefore, the main idea that comes across is outsourcing of some of their work. There is a notion that outsourcing has the ability of saving on cost of employment. The fact is that most of outsourcing companies work on a low budget their workers are not provided with benefits and most of their employees do not require overhead expenses (Olga, 2003). Moreover, cost can also be reduced if the company offering outsourcing services is from a different country. This is because of differences in economic stature, which will lead to high differences in currency value. The other reason why some companies outsource their work to experts is that they want to involve themselves on other business issues. This is due to the urge of concentration by individuals in a company (Lazarus, 2004). The experts will ensure that work is done, and the contracting company will leave everything to them as they concentrate on other things. The management will also give out work, which will not require their attention and resources, as they will have an easy time managing a company from within. On the other hand, companies involved with outsourcing can maintain their professionalism by operating on a streamlined direction of acquiring excellent technology, which could not be available in locally (Olga, 2003). Outsourcing helps in globalization of a company, as it is a cost-effective way of building branches and franchises in other countries. The manner in which outsourcing affects cost is indicated in the graph below.  is indicated  in the graph below. It is clear that outsourcing is an  event, which has gone beyond the whole  ideology  of employment and working from one position as a team (Ryan, 2004). Therefore, it would best if the paper examines some  negative  effects related to outsourcing in the education sector, society, companies, neighborhoods, and communities (Michelle, 2004). Moreover, the  paper  will also  determine  some hidden costs incurred by companies in terms of reducing cost of  productivity  and decreasing support  from customers. Effects of outsourcing According, to some business scholars such as Olga Kharif (2004) argue that companies prefer outsourcing because of low cost associated with it and they will save wages they would give to employees working from within the company. However, with  cost  of IT increasing every day, companies will realize that they sometimes use more than what they expected to use (Olga, 2003). The industry is always  competitive, and most companies prefer offshor e outsourcing. However, frustration  is drawn  back to local  employee who would be rendered jobless due to another  person  elsewhere  being given  same job. Outsourcing has also created  insecurity  in the job market as workers can lose their positions as other people can  offer  their expertise from  elsewhere  at a cheaper price (Ryan, 2004). The other  predicament  caused by outsourcing is and associated with joblessness  is increased  crime rate. People need to survive, and they would do anything to survive. Therefore, people who lose their jobs will  turn  to crime (Michelle, 2004). Crimes include cyber crimes where people hack into the